In designing cell-based treatments starting with pluripotent stem cell, a key decision is whether to use an autologous-, an allogeneic-, or a hybrid-matched approach. This choice has important implications for the manufacturing process and the associated infrastructure and could affect the design of the preclinical studies. The lack of an effective method of inducing immune tolerance to maintain graft survival is a major roadblock for cell-based therapies and poor stem cell survival and engraftment after delivery is partly due to immune response triggered by the host’s immune reaction. A great advantage of natural patient-derived (autologous) cell is that there will be no host versus graft immunological reaction, but this advantage could be limited by the autoimmune response in the context of type 1 diabetes. From the presentation it will possible to recognize a number of issues that could be decisive in influencing  the balance of advantage between allogeneic and autologous cells